Lecture Notes & Slides: General Format
Some lecturers may require you to reference lecture material that they have compiled for your use and made available online. If this is so, then you can follow the format below.
However, when lecture notes are only available from a teacher via course management software, such as Blackboard, cite this as personal communication.
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of presentation [Lecture notes or PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from University name, Faculty name, or School name website: http://xxxxxx
Lecture Notes & Slides: Sample References
| Source | In-text References | End-text References (reference lists require hanging indent) |
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Lecture Notes
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(Jones, 2016, p. 8)
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Jones, E. A. (2016). Lecture 3: Recruitment and involvement of trainees [Lecture notes]. Retrieved from http://www.umd.edu/users/~cjones/Spring2016/class1/lesson3.docx
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PowerPoint Slides
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(Brieger, 2005)
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Brieger, W. (2005). Lecture 3: Recruitment and involvement of trainees [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health OpenCourseWare website: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/TrainingMethodsContinuingEducation/lectureNotes.cfm
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| Blackboard |
(T. W. Willis, personal communication, August 10, 2012). Note: Treat material from Blackboard as personal communication.
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Note: As personal communications these are not available to the reader, they are not included in the reference list.
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Lecture Notes & Slides: Things to Remember
Material only available on an intranet or Blackboard: Treat handwritten notes and material from Blackboard as personal communication. Material retrieved from an intranet, or from a course management system such as Blackboard, is not recoverable by other researchers. Cite in-text only. Do not include an end-text reference.
Note: Where a lecture is not housed on Blackboard and is publicly available, include a reference list entry. See the example above for PowerPoint Slides.
Personal Communications
Personal Communications
Learn how to cite personal communications, including emails, classroom lectures, personal interviews, text messages, letters, and telephone conversations, as well as how to cite or discuss other types of interviews, such as recoverable interviews or research participant interviews that serve as a data source for your study.
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© 2016 American Psychological Association.