Visual Art: Referencing & Images

Referencing

This guide provides information on referencing images in your assignments.

For information on in-text and end-text referencing, see the Library Referencing Guide

See below for: 

• Captions when referencing images
• Referencing images
• Referencing images in power point, posters and videos
• Copyright

Captions

In this guide the term 'figure' refers to all images, i.e., Photos, Paintings, Drawings, Charts, Diagrams, Graphs, Tables, etc.

Any figure used in your assignment requires a caption to explain it.  

Explanatory text should include:

• Title
• Artist/Owner/Author
• Source/where the image is stored
• A copyright attribution. (In APA 7 style, you must provide this is in addition to citing the item used in your assignment.)

Note: If the figure is not your own work, or contains information that is not your own - it also requires a reference/citation.

 

 1. Above the figure, your caption will include:

• Line 1: The word Figure (Capital letter 'F' and in bold), and a number (from 1, in numerical order, in bold)

• Line 2: Title; any official title for the figure or a brief description of the work (all in italics).

2.  Below the figure:

• A note; including any explanatory information (i.e. notes regarding reproduction or technique),

• Cite the original source, following the formats listed below: 

Journal:

From OR Adapted from "Title of Article," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Title of the Publication, Volume(Issue), p. xx (DOI or URL).

Book OR Webpage:

From OR Adapted from Title of Book / Webpage, by A. A. Author, Year, Publisher / Website Name (DOI or URL).

Book Chapter:

From OR Adapted from "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, In A. A. Editor (Ed.) Title of the Publication, Publisher, p. xx (DOI or URL). 

                                                                                                

3.  Select the most appropriate copyright statement:

• Copyright year and Name of Copyright Holder
• In the public domain
• Creative Commons License (i.e. CC-BY-NC)
• Reprinted [or adapted] with permission
• Used under Fair Dealing Provision

 

Example 1:

Figure 1.

Image of Havana

Note: From Chanel's fashion show in Cuba. Armstrong, 2016. Vogue. https://www.google.com/search?q=chanels+havana+show+andy+seckel+2016. Copyright 2004 Andy Seckel.

End-text/ Reference List

All figures that are not your own work must have a full reference list entry.

Note: Reference images in-text when discussing them. 

Source	In-text References	End-text References (Reference lists require hanging indent. See Library Referencing Guide for more info)
Original Drawing / Painting / Sculpture / Photo / Etc.	(Pratt, 1965, Young girl with seashells) ... Young girl with seashells (Pratt, 1965)	I.e: Pratt, C. (1965). Young girl with seashells [Oil on board]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Collection, Corner Brook, NL.
Image reproduction in a book or journal	In-text reference is the source, not the artist. Include artist and / or Title in the paragraph text. ... the painting by Ocampo (Seckel, 2004, Mona Lisa’s chair, p. 221) ... Ocampo's painting Mona Lisa’s chair (Seckel, 2004, p. 221) is known as....	Cite source only   I.e.: Seckel, A. (2004). Masters of deception: Escher, Dali and the artists of optical illusion. Sterling Publishing.
Image or Photograph from the Web	(Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 2009)	This example assumes there is a creator. Creator. (Year). Title. [Form, i.e. image from blog, website etc.]. Source. URL I.e.: Westinghouse Electric Corporation. (2009). Lightning model. [Photograph]. National Geographic. http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/lightning-model-pod-best09/
Image in an Art Database (e.g. Art & Architecture Source)		I.e.: Ocampo, O. (1972). Mona Lisa’s chair [Oil on board]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Collection, Corner Brook, NL.

Use a brief version of an in-text reference and copyright acknowledgement as set out in 'Captions for images.'

I.e.:

 

Reference List

1. A full reference list (end-text citation/s) may be required, i.e. on the last page of the power point presentation

2. Conclude list with statement: "Unless otherwise noted all images used under Fair Dealing Provisions."

3.Consult with your lecturer for further information on individual assignment tasks.

Copyright

Attributing creatorship

As a matter of general academic integrity and compliance with the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) you must always acknowledge the creators of the work which you use. However, there is a common misconception that so long as the creator and / or copyright owner are properly attributed, you can deal with that work as you wish. This is incorrect.

Having properly attributed copyrighted works, students should also be aware that they will infringe the rights of certain creators of copyright material if they distort the work, or otherwise deal with the work, in a manner which is prejudicial to the creator’s honour or reputation.

Licensing

As students, creating material in an educational setting, you are covered under Australia's "Fair Dealing" exemptions for reproducing copyrighted work. However, this is only for using copyrighted material in your assignments, not for public distribution.

For public distribution, you would have to source usage rights from the copyright owner(s).

See the Australian Copyright Council page for artists for more information, and ArtsLaw.

Public Domain and CopyLeft

"Public Domain" and "Creative Commons" (or a similar "CopyLeft" license) are copyright statuses for creative works that have either expired from their copyright terms, or have been released by their owners with a limited release of public usage rights.

Using "Public Domain" or "Creative Common" (CC) works allows you to use material royalty-free without having to request usage rights. This can be used publically, outside of the educational setting.

However, note that CC and copyleft licenses come in many varieties, and some licenses have restrictions, such as "Non-Commercial" use only. See http://creativecommons.org.au/learn/fact-sheets/attribution/ for details.

You must acknowledge Public Domain and Copyleft sources as per usual, and include notice in your caption (see the referencing images box.)

See the Creative Commons & Copyright Library Guide for more detail.