Referencing Images in APA 7
APA Referencing for Images
Referencing Images
Note: Reference images in-text when discussing them, use captions (as below) when directly including a representation in your assignment.
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Source |
In-text References |
End-text References
(Reference lists require hanging indent) |
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Original Drawing / Painting / Sculpture / Photo / Etc. |
(Pratt, 1965, Young girl with seashells) ... Young girl with seashells (Pratt, 1965) |
Pratt, C. (1965). Young girl with seashells [Oil on board]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Collection, Corner Brook, NL. |
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Image reproduction in a book or journal
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In-text reference is the source, not the artist. Include artist and / or Title in the paragraph text. ... the painting by Ocampo (Seckel, 2004, Mona Lisa’s chair, p. 221) ... Ocampo's painting Mona Lisa’s chair (Seckel, 2004, p. 221) is known as....
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Cite source only.
Seckel, A. (2004). Masters of deception: Escher, Dali and the artists of optical illusion. Sterling Publishing.
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Image or Photograph from the Web |
(Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 2009)
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Westinghouse Electric Corporation. (2009). Lightning model [Photograph]. National Geographic. http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/lightning-model-pod-best09/ Provide the image title [form] and a reference to the source (e.g., internet document, website, blog post, book, etc.) where the image can be retrieved. |
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Image in an Art Database (e.g. Art & Architecture Source) |
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Ocampo, O. (1972). Mona Lisa’s chair [Oil on board]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Collection, Corner Brook, NL. |
Captions for Images
In this guide the word figure refers to all images including, Photographs, Paintings, Drawings, Charts, Diagrams, Graphs, Tables, etc
Any image used in your assignment requires a caption above the image. If the image is not your own work it also requires a reference citation to the original source.
A reader should not have to refer to the text to understand the image. Explanatory text should include title, owner/artist and where the image is stored. In APA you must provide a copyright attribution in addition to citing item when you reproduce it in the body of your work.
Above the image, a caption should include:
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The word Figure (with a capital letter and in bold), and a number (from 1, in numerical order, in bold)
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On the line below this, include a Title, giving any official title for the figure or brief description of the work (all in italics).
Below the image:
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Notes including any explanatory information (like notes regarding reproduction issues, or technique),
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Cite the original source, following the below formats:
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Journal:
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From OR Adapted from "Title of Article," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Title of the Publication, Volume(Issue), p. xx (DOI or URL).
- Book OR Webpage:
From OR Adapted from Title of Book / Webpage, by A. A. Author, Year, Publisher / Website Name (DOI or URL).
- Book Chapter:
From OR Adapted from "Title of Chapter," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, In A. A. Editor (Ed.) Title of the Publication, Publisher, p. xx (DOI or URL).
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Finally, include a notice regarding copyright:
Copyright Year by Name of Copyright Holder / In the public domain / Creative Commons License (e.g. CC BY-NC). Reprinted [or adapted] with permission / Used under Fair Dealing Provision.
Example:
Figure 23.
Dali's "The Persistence of Memory."
Note: From Masters of deception: Escher, Dali and the artists of optical illusion, by A. Seckel, 2004, Routledge. Copyright 2004 Andy Seckel. Used under Fair Dealing Provision.
Reference list:
Note: All sources used in an assignment must have a full reference list entry.
CopyRight & CopyLeft
Copyright
Attributing creatorship
As a matter of general academic integrity and compliance with the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) you must always acknowledge the creators of the work which you use. However, there is a common misconception that so long as the creator and / or copyright owner are properly attributed, you can deal with that work as you wish. This is incorrect.
Having properly attributed copyrighted works, students should also be aware that they will infringe the rights of certain creators of copyright material if they distort the work, or otherwise deal with the work, in a manner which is prejudicial to the creator’s honour or reputation.
Licensing
As students, creating material in an educational setting, you are covered under Australia's "Fair Dealing" exemptions for reproducing copyrighted work. However, this is only for using copyrighted material in your assignments, not for public distribution.
For public distribution, you would have to source usage rights from the copyright owner(s).
See the Australian Copyright Council page for artists for more information, and ArtsLaw.
Public Domain and CopyLeft
"Public Domain" and "Creative Commons" (or a similar "CopyLeft" license) are copyright statuses for creative works that have either expired from their copyright terms, or have been released by their owners with a limited release of public usage rights.
Using "Public Domain" or "Creative Common" (CC) works allows you to use material royalty-free without having to request usage rights. This can be used publically, outside of the educational setting.
However, note that CC and copyleft licenses come in many varieties, and some licenses have restrictions, such as "Non-Commercial" use only. See http://creativecommons.org.au/learn/fact-sheets/attribution/ for details.
You must acknowledge Public Domain and Copyleft sources as per usual, and include notice in your caption (see the referencing images box.)
See the Creative Commons & Copyright Library Guide for more detail.